Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 44
Filter
1.
In. Alonso Texeira Nuñez, Felicita; Ferreiro Paltre, Patricia B; González Brandi, Nancy Beatriz. Adolescencias: una mirada integral. Montevideo, Bibliomédica, c2022. p.60-62, ilus, graf.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1416853
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 82: 1-6, 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1468468

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed at comparing the brain size of mahseer (Tor putitora) in relation to their body weight and standard length, to investigate the potential impact of rearing environment on brain development in fish. The weight of the brain and three of its subdivisions cerebellum (CB), optic tectum (OT), and telencephalon (TC) were measured for both wild and hatchery-reared fish. The data was analysed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and discriminate function analysis (DFA). We found the fish reared under hatchery conditions exhibit smaller brain size related to body weight, when compared to the wild ones. A significant (p<0.5) difference was observed in the length of CB and OT concerning the standard body length while no significant difference was found in TC of the fish from both the origins. The results of the current study highlight a logical assumption that neural deficiency affects the behaviour of fish, that's why the captive-reared fish show maladaptive response and face fitness decline when released to the natural environment for wild stock enhancement. The current study concluded that hatchery-reared fish exhibit variations in gross brain morphology as compared to their wild counterpart.


O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o tamanho do cérebro de mahseer (Tor putitora) em relação ao seu peso corporal e comprimento padrão, para investigar o impacto potencial do ambiente de criação no desenvolvimento do cérebro em peixes. O peso do cérebro e três de suas subdivisões — cerebelo (CB), tectum óptico (OT) e telencéfalo (TC) — foram medidos para peixes selvagens e criados em incubadoras. Os dados foram analisados usando análise múltipla de covariância (MANCOVA), análise de covariância (ANCOVA) e análise de função discriminante (DFA). Descobrimos que os peixes criados em condições de incubação apresentam menor tamanho do cérebro em relação ao peso corporal quando comparados aos selvagens. Uma diferença significativa (p <0,5) foi observada no comprimento do CB e OT em relação ao comprimento corporal padrão, enquanto nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada no CT dos peixes de ambas as origens. Os resultados do estudo atual destacam uma suposição lógica de que a deficiência neural afeta o comportamento dos peixes. É por isso que os peixes criados em cativeiro mostram uma resposta mal adaptativa e enfrentam declínio de aptidão quando liberados no ambiente natural para o aprimoramento do estoque selvagem. O estudo atual concluiu que os peixes criados em incubadoras exibem variações na morfologia cerebral bruta em comparação com suas contrapartes selvagens.


Subject(s)
Animals , Behavior, Animal , Cyprinidae/anatomy & histology , Cyprinidae/growth & development , Cerebrum/growth & development
3.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 34(2): e1511, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: biblio-1099034

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Las organizaciones poseen herramientas válidas que ayudan al reconocimiento de los neurotalentos, proporcionando elementos de selección de personal y desarrollo estratégico. Objetivo: Evaluar el predominio cerebral de un grupo de trabajadores de acuerdo a su nivel de desempeño estratégico, basado en la teoría del "cerebro tríadico". Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-evaluativo, multicéntrico, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental realizado en una muestra de 68 trabajadores, de las ciudades de Sincelejo y Rioacha; seleccionados de manera no probabilística y que desempeñan actividades en diferentes niveles estratégicos. La recogida de datos se hizo mediante el test revelador del cociente mental tríadico diseñado por Waldemar De Gregory, el análisis se hizo mediante estadígrafos descriptivos. Resultados: La mayoría de trabajadores pertenece al sexo femenino (60 por ciento), desempeñan cargos misionales (73,8 por ciento), poseen predominancia de cerebro central (46,0 por ciento), escala de medición superior. Conclusiones: El predomino de cerebro tríadico corresponde al cerebro central con un nivel superior y desarrollo de actividades de nivel estratégico misional(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Organizations have valid tools that help the recognition of nurotalentos providing elements of recruitment and strategic development. Objectives: Assess brain dominance of a group of workers according to their level of strategic performance, based on the theory of "Brain triadic". Methods: Evaluative descriptive, multicenter study, quantitative approach, no experimental design; conducted on a sample of 68 workers selected probabilistically and not engaged in activities at different strategic levels. Data collection was done by the developer test triadic mental quotient (RCMT) designed by Waldemar De Gregory. Results: Most workers are female (60 percent), missionary positions (73.8 percent), central brain predominance (46.0 percent) and higher measurement scale. Conclusions: predominance of the central brain, higher level and strategic level missionary activities evidenced(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Task Performance and Analysis , Data Collection/methods , Health Strategies , Cerebrum/growth & development , Epidemiology, Descriptive
4.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 32(8): e00168115, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952300

ABSTRACT

Resumo: A compreensão dos processos de formação dos transtornos mentais vem se mostrando desafiadora desde a fundação do campo psiquiátrico. O desenvolvimento das neurociências proporcionou novo fôlego à expectativa de encontrar estritamente no funcionamento biológico a explicação para o surgimento dos transtornos mentais. No entanto, tal objetivo não vem sendo alcançado com a esperada facilidade, de modo que novas hipóteses começam a se destacar nas pesquisas neurocientíficas. Neste artigo, identificamos as noções de epigenética, neurodesenvolvimento e plasticidade como os principais indicativos de um novo modo de compreender a biologia dos fenômenos mentais. A complexidade genética, o papel formativo do ambiente e as variações que caracterizam a vulnerabilidade implicam importantes modificações nas principais teses sobre a determinação biológica dos transtornos mentais, sugerindo uma reconfiguração dos limites entre o "social" e o "biológico" nas pesquisas em neurociências.


Resumen: La comprensión de los procesos de formación de los trastornos mentales ha representado un desafio desde que nació el campo de la psiquiatria. El desarrollo de las neurociencias proporcionó un nuevo aliento a la expectativa de encontrar, estrictamente en el funcionamiento biológico, la explicación para el surgimiento de los trastornos mentales. No obstante, tal objetivo no se alcanza con la esperada facilidad, de modo que nuevas hipótesis comienzan a destacarse en las investigaciones neurocientíficas. En este artículo, identificamos las nociones de epigenética, neurodesarrollo y plasticidad como los principales indicativos de un nuevo modo de comprender la biología de los fenómenos mentales. La complejidad genética, el papel formativo del ambiente y las variaciones que caracterizan la vulnerabilidad implican importantes modificaciones en las principales tesis sobre la determinación biológica de los trastornos mentales, sugiriendo una reconfiguración de los límites entre lo "social" y lo "biológico" en las investigaciones en neurociencias.


Abstract: Understanding the processes involved in the development of mental disorders has proven challenging ever since psychiatry was founded as a field. Neuroscience has provided new expectations that an explanation will be found for the development of mental disorders based on biological functioning alone. However, such a goal has not been that easy to achieve, and new hypotheses have begun to appear in neuroscience research. In this article we identify epigenetics, neurodevelopment, and plasticity as the principal avenues for a new understanding of the biology of mental phenomena. Genetic complexity, the environment's formative role, and variations in vulnerability involve important changes in the principal hypotheses on biological determination of mental disorders, suggesting a reconfiguration of the limits between the "social" and the "biological" in neuroscience research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/etiology , Biological Psychiatry , Neurosciences , Brazil , Genetic Determinism , Cerebrum/growth & development , Epigenomics , Gene-Environment Interaction , Mental Disorders/genetics , Neuronal Plasticity
5.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 13(2): 255-264, 26/06/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752465

ABSTRACT

The gross morphology of the brain of the pseudopimelodid Pseudopimelodus bufonius is described and compared with congeners. Observations were made on removed brains after elimination of bones from the top of the skull and severing of the cranial nerves and the spinal cord. Nine morphometric characters associated with the major subdivisions of the brain were identified, seven of which revealed significant differences among the species examined. The corpus cerebelli in all examined species of the genus is the largest structure of the brain. The behavior of the species of Pseudopimelodus is still unknown, but in other teleosts that condition is typically correlated with a higher degree of motor coordination. Relative size proportions of the tectum opticum, eminentia granularis, lobus facialis and lobus vagi, might be related to carnivory and an enhanced capacity for food selection.


A morfologia externa do encéfalo de Pseudopimelodus bufonius é descrita e comparada com seus congêneres. As análises foram feitas no cérebro removido após a eliminação dos ossos do topo da cabeça e secção dos nervos cranianos e cordão espinhal. Nove caracteres morfométricos foram obtidos das principais subdivisões do encéfalo, dos quais em sete ocorreram diferenças significativas entre as espécies. Em todas as espécies examinadas do gênero o corpus cerebelli é a maior estrutura do encéfalo. O comportamento das espécies de Pseudopimelodus ainda é desconhecido, mas em outros teleósteos esta característica é normalmente correlacionada com uma boa coordenação motora. Além disso, as proporções relativas do tectum opticum, eminentia granularis, lobus facialis e lobus vagi podem ser relacionadas a hábitos carnívoros e boa capacidade de selecionar alimentos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Cerebrum/growth & development , Catfishes/anatomy & histology , Catfishes/growth & development
7.
Summa psicol. UST ; 10(1): 143-154, jul. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-713272

ABSTRACT

En esta revisión describiremos brevemente los aspectos fundamentales que caracterizan a la Psicología del Desarrollo y a la Neurociencia, como disciplinas científicas necesarias en el estudio y la comprensión del desarrollo ontogenético y sus trastornos. Esto nos permitirá concretar la naturaleza de las distintas etapas del desarrollo, y evaluar los sustratos cerebrales de la conducta asociados a estos cambios evolutivos. Finalmente, expondremos las características neurobiológicas y evolutivas de un trastorno del neurodesarrollo determinado genéticamente, el síndrome de Down.


In this review we briefly describe the main aspects that characterize the Developmental Psychology and Neuroscience as scientific disciplines necessary in the study and understanding of ontogenetic development and it disorders. This allows us to specify the nature of the different stages of development and to evaluate the neural substrates of behavior associated with these evolutionary changes. Finally, we discuss the neurobiological and evolutionary characteristics of a genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder, the Down syndrome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Developmental Biology , Cerebrum/growth & development , Developmental Disabilities , Neurosciences , Down Syndrome
8.
ReNut ; 7(2): 1257-1266, abr.-jun. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-722346

ABSTRACT

La familia de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega 3 está constituida por varios compuestos de importancia fisiológica para los seres humanos. El ácido graso linolénico es el principal representante de esta familia; es esencial porque no puede ser sintetizado por los seres humanos y es el precursor del ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA). Estos tres ácidos grasos son indispensables para un óptimo desarrollo neurológico y visual en los niños, y tienen, además, un papel preponderante en la prevención de enfermedades cerebrovasculares en los adultos. La principales fuentes alimentarias de AGPI Omega-3 y sus derivados (DHAy EPA) los encontramos en los pescados oscuros como la caballa, la anchoveta y el atún (1810 mg, 2055 mg, 3350 mg de AGPI Omega-3 respectivamente) y en el caso de las oleaginosas encontramos al sacha inchi.


The poly unsaturated fatty acids omega-3 is composed by many different compounds with physiological importance in humans. The essential fatty acid linolénico is the main member of this family; it is essential because it cannot be synthesized by human body and it is the precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These three fatty acids are necessaries for the normal neurological and visual development and they have, besides, a relevant role in cerebrovascular diseases prevention in adults The main food sources of AGPI Omega-3 and its derivatives (DHA and EPA) are found in dark fish such as mackerel, anchovy and tuna (1810 mg, 2055 mg, 3350 mg of AGPI Omega-3 respectively) and in the case ofthe sachainchi oil find.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebrum/growth & development , Cardiovascular Diseases , /analysis
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(3): 971-977, Sept. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608691

ABSTRACT

The variations in morphometric parameter of mammalian brains may be influenced by process of functional complexity, evolution and adaptation. Comparative analysis of linear measurements of cerebrum in the human and baboon has shown morphometric differences. In the present study linear measurements from human and baboon cerebrum (n=10 each) were used to predict various values for human and baboon brain and body parameters through multiple regression models. The average brain weights were found to be 2.08 percent and 0.84 percent of the body weights for humans and baboons respectively. The elasticity of regression models revealed that unit percentage increase in Occipital-Frontal (OF) distance would increase the human brain weight by 66.19 percent, while the baboon brain weight would increase by 7.63 percent. The unit percentage increase in the Height of Temporal Lobe (HTL) would increase the human brain weight by 16.28 percent, while the baboon brain weight would increase by only 0.28 percent. Unit percentage increase in Frontal-Temporal (FT) distance would decrease the human and baboon brain weights by 14.04 percent and 0.46 percent respectively. Inter-species values were also predicted through simulation techniques by using the ratios of model parameters with application of programming language Python. The OF, FT and HTL values for human were found to be 2.01 times, 1.55 times and 1.91 times respectively to that of baboon.


Las variaciones en los parámetros morfométricos del cerebro de los mamíferos pueden estar influenciadas por el proceso de complejidad funcional de la evolución y adaptación. Análisis comparativo de las mediciones lineales del cerebro en el humano y babuino han puesto de manifiesto las diferencias morfométricas. En este estudio las mediciones lineales del cerebro humano y babuinos (n = 10 cada uno) fueron utilizados para predecir los valores distintivos para el cerebro de humanos y monos babuinos y los parámetros del cuerpo a través de modelos de regresión múltiple. El peso medio del cerebro resultó ser 2,08 por ciento y 0,84 por ciento del peso corporal de los seres humanos y los babuinos, respectivamente. La elasticidad de los modelos de regresión reveló que el aumento de una unidad porcentual en la distancia occipital-frontal (DE) aumentaría el peso del cerebro humano en 66,19 por ciento, mientras que el peso del cerebro babuino se incrementaría en 7,63 por ciento. El porcentaje de aumento en la altura de lóbulo temporal (HTL) aumentaría el peso del cerebro humano en 16,28 por ciento, mientras que el peso del cerebro babuino aumentaría en sólo el 0,28 por ciento. Si aumenta la distancia frontal-temporal (FT) se reduciría el peso del cerebro humano y babuinos en 14,04 por ciento y 0,46 por ciento, respectivamente. También se prevéen valores entre las especies a través de técnicas de simulación, mediante el uso de proporciones de los parámetros del modelo con la aplicación del lenguaje de programación Python. Los valores humanos de DE, FT y HTL resultaron ser 2,01, 1,55 y 1,91 veces, respectivamente con respecto a la de los babuinos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Cerebrum/growth & development , Cerebrum/ultrastructure , Theropithecus/anatomy & histology , Theropithecus/growth & development , Anatomy, Comparative/methods , Anatomy, Veterinary/history , Anatomy, Veterinary/methods , Body Weights and Measures , Reference Standards/ethnology , Reference Standards/methods
11.
Psicofarmacologia (B. Aires) ; 10(60): 13-22, feb. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-565552

ABSTRACT

Las células gliales presentan una función similar a sus homólogos más excitables del sistema nervioso central (SNC), las neuronas. Dentro del sistema nervioso en desarrollo, los astrocitos y células de Schwann ayudan activamente a promover la formación de sinapsis y la función, e incluso han sido implicados en la eliminación de sinapsis. En el cerebro adulto, los astrocitos responden a la actividad sináptica por la liberación de los transmisores que modulan esta actividad. De esta forma, las células gliales son participantes activos en la función cerebral. Investigaciones recientes han cambiado la percepción de la glía, que además de ser células de apoyo y soporte para las neuronas, son socios dinámicos que participan en el metabolismo del cerebro y la comunicación entre las neuronas. El descubrimiento de nuevas funciones gliales coincide con los estudiois crecientes de la participación de la glía en las enfermedades cerebrales más comunes, como el traumatismo craneoencefálico, el accidente cerebrovascular, la lesión de la médula espinal, la esclerosis múltimple, la epilepsia, la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la enfermedad de Parkinson, la esclerosis lateral amiótica, el síndrome de Down, el glioma, el trastorno depresivo mayor y el autismo. Sin embargo, quedan muchas preguntas sobre la identidad de la glía y su importancia.


Glial cells have a function similar to their counterparts more excitable central nervous system (CNS), neurons. Within the developing nervous system, astrocytes and Schwann cells actively help to promote synapse formation and function, and have even been involved in the elimination of synapses. In the adulto brain, the astrocytes respond to synaptic activity by realeasing transmitters that modulate synaptic activity. Thus, glia are active participants in brain function. Recent reserch has changed the perception of glia, in addition to help and support cells to neurons, are also dynamic partners participating in brain metabolism and communication between neurons. The discovery fo new glial functions coincides with growing studies of the involvement of glia in brain diseases are the most common head injury, stroke, injury to the spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Down's syndrome, glioma, mayor depressive disorder and autism. Many questions remain about the identity of the glial and importance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Astrocytes/physiology , Cerebrum/growth & development , Microglia/physiology , Neuroglia/physiology , Neuroglia/pathology , Synapses
12.
J. epilepsy clin. neurophysiol ; 16(1): 26-31, 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-548920

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A desnutrição e epilepsia são problemas prevalentes em países em desenvolvimento, principalmente na faixa etária pediátrica. OBJETIVOS: Tendo em vista o impacto que insultos como as crises convulsivas e a desnutrição geram no sistema nervoso central (SNC) de crianças, nosso estudo visa revisar a literatura atual sobre a relação entre desnutrição precoce e epilepsia em estudos clínicos e experimentais em ratos. METODOLOGIA: Revisão de literatura em revistas indexadas no Medline, no período de janeiro de 2000 até dezembro de 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram utilizados os unitermos epilepsy e malnutrition para a busca, sendo encontrados 1044 artigos, dos quais 56 foram selecionados para esta revisão. Procuramos resumir os principais achados referentes às alterações influenciadas pelas crises convulsivas e desnutrição no desenvolvimento do SNC. CONCLUSÕES: A análise desses artigos indicou que a desnutrição precoce acarreta déficit neuronal, com alterações cognitivas e modificações no desenvolvimento e crescimento em modelos experimentais, podendo haver maior suscetibilidade a crises convulsivas. Aparentemente, a desnutrição não é uma causa direta de epilepsia, mas pode diminuir o limiar para as crises epiléticas, havendo um efeito aditivo entre ambas.


INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition and epilepsy are main problems in developing countries, especially affecting children. PURPOSE: Considering the impact that insults like seizures and malnutrition have in the developing central nervous system (CNS), our study intends to review the current literature about the relation between epilepsy and early malnutrition in clinical and experimental studies in rats. METHODS: Literature review in Medline, during the period of January of 2000 to December 2008. RESULTS: Using the key words epilepsy and malnutrition, 1044 articles were found, from which we used 56 to this review. We intended to summarize the main findings that are refered to the alterations induced by seizures and malnutrition in the CNS development. CONCLUSION: The analysis of these articles indicated that early malnutrition lead to neuronal deficit, with cognitive alterations and growth and developmental disorders in experimental models, possibly causing more susceptibility to seizures. Apparently, malnutrition is not a direct cause of epilepsy, but it can decrease the threshold to seizures, suggesting an additive effect between these variables.


Subject(s)
Child , Malnutrition , Epilepsy , Cerebrum/growth & development
13.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 27(2): 198-203, jun. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-518194

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO:Rever a literatura atual que aborda o crescimento e o desenvolvimento cerebral de crianças prematuras e as alterações cognitivas e motoras que podem decorrer da prematuridade. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline e Lilacs, selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2007 e livros-texto com conteúdo relevante. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A evolução do recém-nascido pré-termo diferencia-se da evolução apresentada pela população a termo. Estudos têm demonstrado que ex-prematuros apresentam alterações anatômicas cerebrais que se associam a prejuízos cognitivos. Várias regiões do sistema nervoso central (substância cinzenta, substância branca, corpo caloso, núcleo caudado, hipocampo e cerebelo) têm seus volumes avaliados por neuroimagem e, apesar de resultados controversos, parecem ter desenvolvimento alterado nessa população. Diante disso, espera-se haver repercussão funcional e/ou cognitiva em crianças, adolescentes e adultos nascidos prematuramente. Ex-prematuros avaliados na infância tardia e na adolescência demonstram alterações de quociente de inteligência, memória, capacidade para cálculos e função cognitiva global. Déficits motores, na capacidade de planejamento e de associação, na coordenação motora e na atenção também foram relatados na literatura. CONCLUSÕES: A prematuridade pode levar a alterações anatômicas e estruturais do cérebro devido à interrupção das etapas de desenvolvimento pré-natal. Tais alterações podem causar déficits funcionais, tornando os ex-prematuros sujeitos a problemas cognitivos e motores, assim como suas repercussões nas atividades de vida diária, mesmo na adolescência e idade adulta.


OBJECTIVE:To review the current literature about brain growth and development of premature children, as well as the motor and cognitive changes that may result from prematurity. DATA SOURCES: Medline and Lilacs were searched between 2000 and 2007 along with textbooks whose content was relevant. DATA SYNTHESIS: The development of preterm infants differs from term neonates. Studies have shown that children born prematurely have anatomical changes related to cognitive impairments in the central nervous system. Some regions seem vulnerable, such as white and gray matter, corpus callosum, caudate nucleus, hippocampus and cerebellum, when evaluated by volumetric neuroimaging techniques. Thus, one would expect some functional and/or learning impairment in children, adolescents and adults born prematurely. When evaluated in late childhood and adolescence, they show deficits in the intelligence quotient, memory, calculations skills and in the overall cognitive function. Motor coordination, attention, planning and association deficits are also reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Prematurity can lead to structural and anatomical changes of the brain due to interruption of the prenatal development. These changes can cause functional deficits and children born prematurely are more vulnerable to cognitive and motor problems as well as its effects on their daily activities, even in adolescence and adulthood.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Cognition , Child Development , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Cerebrum/growth & development
14.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 44(1): 59-64, fev. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482486

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Exposição pré-natal ao etanol é freqüentemente associada a microcefalia e atraso na migração celular. O mecanismo pelo qual o etanol induz seus efeitos no desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso não é muito bem entendido. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito da exposição crônica ao etanol sobre o córtex visual de ratos durante seu desenvolvimento. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar provenientes do acasalamento de 30 fêmeas, divididos nos grupos etanol (n = 10) - 3 g/kg/dia - e controle (n = 10), foram utilizados nesse experimento. Os ratos foram perfundidos e o encéfalo, dividido em três partes: anterior, médio e posterior. Os cortes obtidos do fragmento posterior foram expostos à rotina histológica e submetidos a diferentes técnicas de coloração. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t para comparar os pesos encefálicos e corporais. Considerou-se como nível de rejeição de hipótese nula um valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADO: Houve redução de peso cerebral em diferentes períodos analisados, além de ectopia e heterotopia neuronal. Não se observou deposição de fibras. DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÃO: O etanol atua de maneira negativa no desenvolvimento dos ratos, incluindo alterações na migração neuronal e microcefalia. Essas alterações podem ajudar a explicar as disfunções relatadas na síndrome do alcoolismo fetal (SAF).


BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to ethanol is frequently associated with microencephaly and delayed cell migration. The mechanism by which ethanol affects the development of the nervous system is still not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to ethanol on the visual cortex of rats during their development. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Wistar rats, born from the mating of 30 females, were divided into two groups: those exposed to ethanol (n = 10) - 3 g/kg/day - and a control group (n = 10). The rats were perfused and brain was divided into three parts: anterior, middle and posterior. Slices taken from the posterior fragment were subjected to histological analysis routine and different staining techniques. A statistical analysis was carried out using t test to compare brain and body weight. A value < 0,05 was considered a rejection of null hypothesis. RESULTS: There was a reduction of brain weight in different analyzed periods. There were no fiber deposits. Ectopia and neuronal heterotopia were observed. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Ethanol has a negative effect on the development of rats, including alterations in neuronal migration and microencephaly. These alterations may help to explain some of the dysfunctions reported in patients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Visual Cortex , Brain/growth & development , Brain , Ethanol/adverse effects , Ethanol/toxicity , Microcephaly/chemically induced , Cell Movement , Neurons , Neuropil , Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/chemically induced , Animals, Newborn , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Cerebrum/growth & development , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced , Immunohistochemistry , Models, Animal , Rats, Wistar/growth & development , Organ Size
15.
Colomb. med ; 38(1,supl.1): 24-33, ene.-mar. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-586377

ABSTRACT

La deficiencia de hierro es el trastorno hematológico más frecuente alrededor del mundo y afecta a 2,000 millones de personas aproximadamente, de los cuales 77 millones viven en América Latina y el Caribe. La deficiencia de hierro tiene un espectro que va desde la reducción y agotamiento de las reservas de hierro, hasta la reducción de las células rojas y de la concentración de hemoglobina. En consecuencia, hay deficiencias de hierro sin anemia. Los niños son uno de los grupos más vulnerables a esta deficiencia, debido al rápido período de crecimiento cerebral, en especial durante los dos primeros años de vida. El hierro es uno de los principales sustratos que soportan y permiten el desarrollo y la actividad metabólica de múltiples procesos a nivel cerebral, entre los cuales se encuentra el proceso de mielinización. Una insuficiente disponibilidad de hierro en un período de alta incorporación de éste en el tejido cerebral, que coincide con el período de mielinización del tejido nervioso, puede proveer una base fisiológica para explicar los efectos conductuales observados cuando hay deficiencias del micronutriente. De la misma manera, la deficiencia de hierro afecta la regulación y la conducción de neurotransmisores como la serotonina, la dopamina y GABA. La alteración de los receptores y transportadores de dopamina, compromete en los infantes las respuestas afectivas y el funcionamiento cognoscitivo, y los de los receptores GABA, la coordinación de patrones de movimiento y memoria. La importancia consiste que cuando ocurre un déficit de hierro cerebral en etapas tempranas, los daños ocurridos persisten en la etapa adulta, más allá de la recuperación de la anemia durante los primeros meses de vida.


The iron deficiency is the more frequent hematological dysfunction around the world and it affects approximately to 2000 million people, of which 77 millions live in Latin America and the Caribbean. The iron deficiency has a spectrum that goes from the reduction and exhaustion of the iron reservations, until the reduction of the red cells and of the hemoglobin concentration. In consequence, there are iron deficiencies without anemia. The children are one of the most vulnerable groups to this deficiency, due to the quick period of cerebral growth, especially during the first two years of life. Iron is one of the main substrates that support and allow the development and the metabolic activity of multiple processes at brain, among which is the myelination process. An insufficient iron readiness in a period of high incorporation of this in the cerebral fabric, coinciding with the myelinization period of the nervous fabric, can provide a physiologic base of explanation to the observed behavioral effects when there are deficiencies of the micronutrient. In the same way, the iron deficiency affects the regulation and the neurotransmitters conduction of serotonin, dopamine and GABA. Alteration of the receivers and dopamine transporters, imply in the infants the affective answers and the operation cognitive, and those of the receiving GABA, the coordination of movement patterns and memory. The importance consists that when it happens a deficit of cerebral iron in early stages, those damages persist in the adulthood, beyond the recovery of the anemia during the first months of life. These cerebral alterations are reflected long term in a delay of the mental and physical development of the children that they have had anemia, and its consequence of minor r school acting, with high levels of repetition of grades and desertion of the primary school in economically poor communities. However, the results of the diverse investigations carried out in this fiel.


Subject(s)
Child , Anemia , Child , Cerebrum/growth & development , Mental Processes , Psychomotor Performance , Underachievement
18.
Brasil; s.n; 2006. [138] p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-443942

ABSTRACT

O estudo foi realizado através de avaliação de 214 hemisférios cerebrais, de 107 espécimes humanos com a idade variando desde 12 semanas de gestação até 8 meses pós-natal. A idade gestacional dos fetos foi calculada através do seu peso corpóreo. Os fetos com malformações congênitas ou com encéfalos danificados foram excluídos. Após a fixação do encéfalo em solução de formol a 10 por cento, foi removida a aracnóide para a análise dos sulcos do cérebro, que foram então estudados desde o seu aparecimento até a sua formação completa...


The study was done through the analysis of 214 brain hemispheres of 107 human brain; ages ranges from 12 weeks’ gestation to 8 months of postnatal life. The gestational age were calculated from body weight. The fetuses with congenital abnormalities and or damaged brains were excluded from the study. After the brain fixation with 10 per cent formalin, the arachnoid was removed for the study of the sulci and fissures of the brain since its appearance until its complete development...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebral Cortex , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Gestational Age , Cerebrum/growth & development , Fetus
20.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 22(1): 19-24, jan.-mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-413780

ABSTRACT

Exposure of the developing central nervous system (CNS) to ethanol leads to impaired cellular migration. In the cerebellar cortex, cell proliferation occurs in the early postnatal period. Granular cells generated in the external granular layer (EGL) migrate to their final destination at the internal granular layer. In this work, we examined the ethanol-induced alterations in cerebellar granular cells during their formation in 12-day postnatal (P12) Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Three intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 20 por cento ethanol (3 g/kg of body weight) were administered to each rat at 5 h intervals folowed by 5’-bromo-2- deoxyuridine (BrdU, 60 mg/kg, i.p.) 16 h after the last injection. The rats were sacrificed 2 h or 24 h after the administration of BrdU and the brain was removed and embedded in paraffin. BrdU was subsequently detected immunohistochemically in sections of brain tissue. There was a decrease in the number of external granular cells and in the number of cell layers in the cerebellar EGL in all of the groups that received ethanol when compared to their respective controls. There was also a decrease in these parameters in the 2 h and 24 h survival period after BrdU administration. These results indicate that exposure to ethanol during granule cell generation and neuronal migration in the cerebellum is harmful, and that a study of the quantitative alterations in EGL neurons of the developing rat cerebellum exposed to ethanol in the postnatal period can provide a better understanding of ethanol-induced or related disturbances in the CNS.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cerebrum/growth & development , Cerebrum , Cerebrum/metabolism , Ethanol/pharmacology , Cerebrum/anatomy & histology , Immunohistochemistry , Rats, Wistar
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL